A present-participle clause usually has an active meaning: Burning fuel, the engine releases gases. A past-participle clause often has a passive meaning: Heated by sunlight, the surface warms. The understood subject must match the main-clause subject; avoid dangling participles. These shortened clauses may express reason, time or a related action, so expand them to check meaning.
Burning FOSSIL FUELS releases CARBON DIOXIDE. We need CLEANER ENERGY, not just a NEW SLOGAN. Content words form beats; contrast may shift emphasis. Say the second sentence with stress on cleaner, then slogan, and explain the different focus. Keep unstressed words audible without giving every word equal stress.
Burning fossil fuels increases greenhouse-gas concentrations, while incomplete combustion can produce black carbon. These are related but not identical problems. Black carbon is a component of soot, not another name for carbon dioxide. Reducing unnecessary fuel use helps, yet a school activity must not pretend to solve global warming alone. I suggest an information stand explaining one mechanism and one feasible action, such as reducing unnecessary vehicle idling through the school’s authorised arrangements. We would ask a science teacher to check the source notes before displaying them. We must not burn waste to produce a dramatic demonstration. A drawing can explain a process without exposing people to smoke. We should also distinguish a proposed action from a measured reduction and explain what evidence would be needed to check progress.
Follow-up: Does one smoky morning prove a global climate trend?
Response: No. A brief local event cannot establish a long-term global trend.
greenhouse gas
khí nhà kính
emission
phát thải
black carbon
cacbon đen
fossil fuel
nhiên liệu hoá thạch
mitigation
giảm nhẹ
climate
khí hậu
A present-participle clause usually has an active meaning: Burning fuel, the engine releases gases. A past-participle clause often has a passive meaning: Heated by sunlight, the surface warms. The understood subject must match the main-clause subject; avoid dangling participles. These shortened clauses may express reason, time or a related action, so expand them to check meaning.
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___ fossil fuels, factories release carbon dioxide.
___ by smoke, the room became difficult to use.
Choose the sentence without a dangling participle.
___ the risks, the team changed its plan.
___ from the road, the field looks dry.
___ to reduce waste, students reused the boxes.
___ by the storm, the bridge was closed.
Choose the full meaning of “Working together, we can act faster.”
Match each topic expression with its meaning in this unit.
Chạm một ý bên trái rồi chạm ý tương ứng bên phải để ghép cặp.
Read the practice below aloud twice: first slowly, then at a natural pace. Explain the unit’s sound/stress focus and demonstrate it.
Burning FOSSIL FUELS releases CARBON DIOXIDE. We need CLEANER ENERGY, not just a NEW SLOGAN. Content words form beats; contrast may shift emphasis. Say the second sentence with stress on cleaner, then slogan, and explain the different focus. Keep unstressed words audible without giving every word equal stress.
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Đọc ngữ liệu
Original writing model for the final two review tasks
Reduce Black Carbon: Cleaner Air, Lower Warming Pressure
Avoid burning household waste or crop residues where safer, lawful alternatives are available. Incomplete combustion produces soot, which can harm air quality and contribute to warming. Never demonstrate this by burning materials at school. Report persistent smoke problems through appropriate local channels and ask qualified staff about safe alternatives. Support well-maintained transport and cleaner cooking systems suited to local conditions. Do not assume that every household can replace equipment immediately; practical assistance and affordability matter. Our school can share verified information and reduce unnecessary vehicle idling without claiming to have measured global climate change. Cleaner habits are most useful when they are safe, sustained and supported by the community.
Write a short final paragraph or spoken conclusion that preserves the model’s message. Use details already supplied, not invented results.
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Produce your complete persuasive leaflet about reducing black carbon emissions on “Global warming”. Keep the stated audience and genre. Supply specific details and relevant conditions; proposals or example data must be labelled.
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