Tiếng AnhLớp 8Chủ điểm 14. Unit 11: Science and technology

Giáo án A Closer Look 2

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I. Objectives

1. Knowledge

By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to:
- Identify the backshift rules in reported statements with said and told (present simple → past simple, will → would, can → could, present continuous → past continuous).
- Use the correct reporting verb and structure: said (that) + clause; told + person + (that) + clause.
- Change pronouns, time and place expressions (now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, here → there) in reported statements according to the real context.
- Use the vocabulary related to science and technology: device, invent, discover, experiment, face recognition, fingerprint scanner.

2. Competences

a) General competences

Self-control and independent learning: Ss complete the reporting exercises on their own, check their answers against the key and correct their own mistakes.
Communication and collaboration: Ss work in pairs and groups to transform direct speech into reported speech and share their answers with the class.
Problem-solving and creativity: Ss decide which backshift rule applies to a given context and create new reported sentences about a science experiment or a technology device.

b) Specific competences

Communicative competence in English through listening, speaking, reading and writing: Ss understand a short conversation about a robot, report its content orally and in writing, and use reported statements to talk about a science and technology topic.
Language knowledge (pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar): Ss pronounce the new words correctly, use the vocabulary of science and technology, and apply the backshift rules accurately in reported speech.

3. Personal qualities

Diligence: Ss actively take part in all tasks and finish the exercises within the given time.
Responsibility: Ss check their own answers carefully and take responsibility for correcting their mistakes in front of the class.

II. Teaching aids and materials

1. Teacher

Lesson plan, textbook English 8 (Global Success), Unit 11 – A Closer Look 2
Projector or interactive board, slides with the language example, the vocabulary list and the exercises
Flashcards with the six key words and pictures of a device, a fingerprint scanner and a robot
Worksheet No. 1 (printed copies for pairs)
NeoEdu online learning page with lecture, examples and interactive exercises: neoedu.vn/learn/8/english/unit-11-a-closer-look-2

2. Students

Textbook, notebook, pen, pencil
Ruler and eraser for correcting answers

III. Procedures

Activity 1: Warm-up · 5 minutes

Warm-up: Guess the Report

a) Aims

Ss recall how they report what someone said and become familiar with the topic of science and technology.

b) Content

T shows a picture of a robot and a fingerprint scanner. T says: “Lan said, ‘I am tired.’” and asks Ss: “What did Lan say?” Then T asks: “How do we tell someone what another person said yesterday?” Ss look at the picture and answer the question: “What is this device used for?”

c) Expected outcomes

Ss answer: Lan said that she was tired. Ss say that the fingerprint scanner is used to identify people and that the robot can help people. Ss notice that the verb tense changes when we report a sentence in the past. Ss agree on the topic of the lesson: Reported statements.

d) Organisation

Teacher's activities

Students' activities

Teacher
Step 1: Task delivering
T shows the picture and the example “Lan said, ‘I am tired.’” and asks: “What is the difference between the direct speech and the reported speech?”
Students
Ss look at the picture and the sentences and listen to the teacher’s question.
Teacher
Step 2: Task performance
T gives Ss 1 minute to think and discuss with a partner.
Students
Ss discuss in pairs and note down their ideas about the change of tense and the device in the picture.
Teacher
Step 3: Report and discussion
T calls on some pairs to share their answers and writes the key words on the board.
Students
Some pairs answer: “Lan said that she was tired.” and “The fingerprint scanner is used for security.”
Teacher
Step 4: Conclusion and assessment
T confirms the answers and introduces the lesson: Reported statements with said and told. T writes the title “Reported statements” on the board.
Students
Ss copy the title into their notebook and get ready for the new lesson.

Activity 2.1: Knowledge formation · 12 minutes

Backshift in Reported Statements

a) Aims

Ss understand the backshift rules and the structures with said and told.

b) Content

T presents the language example: Lan said, “I am tired.” → Lan said that she was tired. T explains the rules: present simple → past simple; will → would; can → could; present continuous (am/is/are + V-ing) → past continuous (was/were + V-ing). T presents the structures: said (that) + clause; told + person + (that) + clause. Then T asks Ss to do a three-step check: Step 1: identify the communicative meaning. Step 2: choose the structure. Step 3: check the subject, the verb form and any time or place reference. Ss complete Worksheet No. 1, Part A.

c) Expected outcomes

Ss write the rules on their notebook: present simple → past simple, will → would, can → could, am/is/are + V-ing → was/were + V-ing. Ss complete Part A of Worksheet No. 1: 1. He said he could help. 2. Mai said she would return. 3. Nam said he was ready. 4. She told me that the device was new.

d) Organisation

Teacher's activities

Students' activities

Teacher
Step 1: Task delivering
T writes the example on the board and asks: “Which tense changes? Why does the verb change?” T distributes Worksheet No. 1.
Students
Ss read the example and the three-step check in the box. Ss look at Part A of the worksheet.
Teacher
Step 2: Task performance
T asks Ss to work individually for 4 minutes, then check with a partner. T walks around and helps weak Ss.
Students
Ss work individually to complete the sentences in Part A. Then they compare with their partner and correct each other.
Teacher
Step 3: Report and discussion
T calls on Ss to read the answers and asks: “Why do we use told in sentence 4 but not said?”
Students
Ss answer: “We use told because there is an object, me, after the verb. We use said when there is no object.” Other Ss give their opinions.
Teacher
Step 4: Conclusion and assessment
T confirms the answers and points out the difference between said and told. T reminds Ss that backshift is not automatic if the fact is still true and the speaker chooses to keep the present tense.
Students
Ss write the key structures in their notebook: said (that) + clause; told + person + (that) + clause.

Activity 2.2: Knowledge formation · 8 minutes

Changing Time and Place Expressions

a) Aims

Ss know how to change pronouns and time and place expressions when they report speech from a different day or place.

b) Content

T presents the changes: now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next/following day, here → there. T gives the example: On Monday Mai said, “I will test it tomorrow.” → On Wednesday, Mai said she would test it the next day. T asks Ss: “Why do we say the next day and not tomorrow?” Ss work in groups of four with a mini-board and discuss the changes in the sentences in Part B of Worksheet No. 1.

c) Expected outcomes

Ss complete the table in Part B of Worksheet No. 1 with the changes: now → then; today → that day; tomorrow → the next day; here → there; I → he/she; my → his/her. Ss explain: “The reporting time is different from the speaking time, so we change tomorrow to the next day.”

d) Organisation

Teacher's activities

Students' activities

Teacher
Step 1: Task delivering
T presents the changes on the board and gives the example about Mai and Monday/Wednesday. T asks: “What is the reporting day? What is the speaking day?”
Students
Ss look at the examples and listen to the teacher’s explanation.
Teacher
Step 2: Task performance
T divides the class into groups of four and asks them to complete Part B of Worksheet No. 1 in 4 minutes.
Students
Groups discuss and complete the changes for each item, using a mini-board to write the answers.
Teacher
Step 3: Report and discussion
T asks each group to show one answer and explain the reason for the change.
Students
Group 1 answers: “Tomorrow becomes the next day because the report is on Wednesday.” Group 2 answers: “Here becomes there because the speaker is in another place.”
Teacher
Step 4: Conclusion and assessment
T summarises the changes and emphasises: change the time and place expressions according to the real context, not automatically.
Students
Ss copy the summary table into their notebook.

Activity 3: Practice · 12 minutes

Reported Speech Exercises

a) Aims

Ss practise the backshift rules, the reporting verbs and the time expressions through the textbook exercises.

b) Content

Ss do Exercises 1–7 in the textbook individually, then check in pairs. Exercise 1: He said, “I can help.” → He said he {{1}} help. Exercise 4: She {{1}} me that the device was new. (said/told). Exercise 5: Lan said, “I am testing the sensor.” → Lan said she {{1}} the sensor. Exercise 6: Order the report: Nam told me / that / he would test / the device / the next day. Exercise 7: On Monday Mai said, “I will test it tomorrow.” Report her words on Wednesday. A. Mai said she would test it the next day. B. Mai said I will test it tomorrow. C. Mai told that she would test it tomorrow.

c) Expected outcomes

Answer key:

Exercise 1: could
Exercise 2: would
Exercise 3: was
Exercise 4: told
Exercise 5: was testing
Exercise 6: Nam told me that he would test the device the next day.
Exercise 7: A. Mai said she would test it the next day.
Ss correct their own mistakes after T gives the key.

d) Organisation

Teacher's activities

Students' activities

Teacher
Step 1: Task delivering
T explains the instructions for Exercises 1–7 and reminds Ss to use the backshift rules and check the time references.
Students
Ss read the instructions and the sentences carefully.
Teacher
Step 2: Task performance
T asks Ss to do the exercises individually for 6 minutes, then compare the answers with a partner for 2 minutes.
Students
Ss write the answers in their notebook and check with a partner. Ss who finish early help their partner.
Teacher
Step 3: Report and discussion
T calls on individual Ss to give the answers to each exercise and asks the class to vote on any disagreement.
Students
Ss give answers, for example: “Exercise 5: was testing, because am testing becomes was testing in reported speech.” Other Ss agree or give a different idea.
Teacher
Step 4: Conclusion and assessment
T shows the key on the board and explains the mistakes: wrong tense, missing object after told, or wrong time reference (tomorrow vs. the next day). T reminds Ss that the answer must be correct for both form and meaning.
Students
Ss correct their mistakes in a different colour pen and note the rule they forgot.

Activity 4: Application · 8 minutes

Report the Science Conversation

a) Aims

Ss use reported statements with backshift, time and place changes to report a conversation about a science and technology topic.

b) Content

T gives the situation: On Monday Nam said to Linh, “I am testing my robot here today. I will show it tomorrow.” On Wednesday, Linh is in a different place and reports the conversation. Ss work in pairs: one student reports Nam’s words to the class, the other checks the tense, the pronoun, and the time and place expressions. T asks: “Which words must change? Why?” Ss write two reported statements in their notebook. For homework, Ss write a short report about a device they know, using said and told.

c) Expected outcomes

Sample answer: Nam told Linh that he was testing his robot there that day. He said that he would show it the next day. Ss explain: “That day means Monday, and the next day means Tuesday, not Thursday.” Ss check: Is the tense backshifted? Are the time and place expressions correct? Is the reporting verb suitable?

d) Organisation

Teacher's activities

Students' activities

Teacher
Step 1: Task delivering
T reads the situation aloud and asks Ss to identify the speaker, the listener, the day of speaking and the day of reporting.
Students
Ss listen carefully and answer: “Nam is the speaker, Linh is the listener. The speaking day is Monday, and the reporting day is Wednesday.”
Teacher
Step 2: Task performance
T asks pairs to write two reported statements in 3 minutes and then practise reporting orally.
Students
Pairs write the sentences and check them with the three-step check. Then one student reports and the partner checks.
Teacher
Step 3: Report and discussion
T invites two or three pairs to report to the class and asks the class to give feedback on the tense and the time expressions.
Students
Pairs report, for example: “Nam told Linh that he was testing his robot there that day.” Classmates comment: “Good, but the next day is correct, not tomorrow.”
Teacher
Step 4: Conclusion and assessment
T gives feedback, highlights the key points and reminds Ss to choose the correct time and place references according to the real context. T praises the good answers.
Students
Ss write the corrected sentences into their notebook and note down the homework.

Worksheets

Phiếu học tập số 1

Part A. Change the sentences into reported speech with backshift.

He said, “I can help.” → He said he ________ help.
Mai said, “I will return.” → Mai said she ________ return.
“I am ready,” Nam said. → Nam said he ________ ready.
She ________ me that the device was new. (said/told)

Part B. Complete the table with the changes in time, place and pronouns.

now → ________
today → ________
tomorrow → ________
here → ________
my → ________

Part C. Write two reported statements about the conversation between Nam and Linh.

Homework

Learn by heart the backshift rules and the structures: said (that) + clause; told + person + (that) + clause.
Do the exercises in the NeoEdu online page: neoedu.vn/learn/8/english/unit-11-a-closer-look-2.
Write a short paragraph (4–5 sentences) about a device you know, for example a fingerprint scanner or a robot. Use at least two reported statements with said or told and change the time and place expressions correctly.
Learn the six new words: device, invent, discover, experiment, face recognition, fingerprint scanner, and make a sentence with each word.

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