Giáo án Looking back

Ss activate prior knowledge of urban change and recall the present perfect used to describe change from past to now.

Ss look at the unit title 'Urbanisation' and think about their own town or village. In pairs, they answer the question 'How has your town changed in the last ten years?' using at least one present perfect sentence and at least three topic words: urbanisation, urban share, infrastructure, congestion, housing. T writes the model sentence 'The area has become busier.' on the board as a reference.

Each pair produces two sentences in the present perfect, for example: 'Traffic has become heavier in our town.' and 'More and more people have moved to the city.' Ss write at least three topic words on the board.

Ss identify the three uses of the present perfect in the unit and choose the correct time expression (for or since) for each context.

Ss work in pairs with Worksheet 1, Part A. They read the sentences below and decide which use each one shows: change up to now, a continuing period, or first-time experience.

• 'The area has become busier.'
• 'We have lived here since 2018.'
• 'We have lived here for ten years.'
• 'It is the first time I have visited this district.'
  Then they complete the table in Worksheet 1 by writing the signal word for each use.

Ss complete the table in Worksheet 1 Part A:

• Change up to now: 'The area has become busier.' Signal: 'over the last decade' (present perfect with no fixed time word).
• Continuing period: 'since 2018' (a starting point, so since) and 'for ten years' (a length of time, so for).
• First-time experience: 'It is the first time I have visited this district.' Signal: 'It is the first time' + present perfect.
  Form: have/has + past participle.

Ss form double comparatives to show progressive change and correlative comparatives to show association.

Ss work in pairs with Worksheet 1, Part B. They read the examples below and complete the rule table.

• 'The area has become busier and busier.' / 'The streets are more and more crowded.' / 'The park has become less and less quiet.'
• 'The more people travel, the more capacity is needed.' / 'The quieter the route, the easier it is to hear birds.'
  Then Ss rewrite 'Traffic is increasing and the roads are getting more crowded' using a correlative comparative with 'The more…, the more…'.

Ss complete the rule table in Worksheet 1 Part B:

• Short adjective: adjective + -er and adjective + -er (busier and busier).
• Long adjective: more and more + adjective (more and more crowded).
• Decrease: less and less + adjective (less and less quiet).
• Correlative: The + comparative + subject + verb, the + comparative + subject + verb (The more people travel, the more capacity is needed).
  Sample rewrite: 'The more traffic increases, the more crowded the roads become.'

Ss recognise and pronounce the weak forms /ðə/, /kən/ and /tə/, and stress 'can' to correct a wrong statement.

T reads aloud the sentence 'The bus can take us to the centre.' Ss listen twice and identify the weak words (the, can, to) and the content words that carry the main beats (bus, take, centre). T then models the contrast: A: 'The bus cannot take us to the centre.' B: 'No, the bus CAN take us to the centre.' Ss repeat in chorus, then practise in pairs.

• Weak forms: the /ðə/, can /kən/, to /tə/.
• Content words with main stress: BUS, TAKE, CENTRE.
• Correction: Ss stress CAN in 'No, the bus CAN take us to the centre' to show that the statement 'cannot' is wrong.
• Ss say the full sentence naturally, keeping the meaning clear.

Ss calculate changes in urban shares and distinguish percentage points from percentage change.

Ss use the Viet Nam urban share figures from the model text: 24.4% (2000), 30.3% (2010), 35.6% (2020), 38.5% (2024). They calculate the change in each period and the total change from 2000 to 2024. Then they solve the example: 'A share rises from 20% to 30%. The increase is ___.'

• 2000 to 2010: $30{,}3-24{,}4=5{,}9$, so the share rose by 5.9 percentage points.
• 2010 to 2020: $35{,}6-30{,}3=5{,}3$, so it rose by 5.3 points.
• 2020 to 2024: $38{,}5-35{,}6=2{,}9$, so it rose by 2.9 points.
• Total from 2000 to 2024: $38{,}5-24{,}4=14{,}1$, so the total rise is 14.1 percentage points, not a 14.1% relative rise.
• Example: $30-20=10$ percentage points. Relative change: $\dfrac{30-20}{20}\times 100\%=50\%$. Answer: A (10 percentage points).

Ss apply the present perfect, for/since, double comparatives and correlative comparatives to choose the correct options.

Ss answer exercises 2 to 8 from Looking back individually, showing their answers on mini-whiteboards. Then they check the answers on the NeoEdu interactive exercises.
2. The area ___ busier over the last decade. A. have become B. becomes yesterday C. is become D. has become
3. It is the first time I ___ this district. A. had visit B. have visited C. am visit D. visit yesterday
4. The streets are becoming ___. (busy) A. busier and busier B. busy and more C. busiest and busiest D. more busier
5. Housing is getting ___ expensive. A. more and most B. more and more C. most and most D. much and most
6. The quieter the route, ___ it is to hear birds. A. more easier B. the easier C. the easiest D. easier than
7. We have lived here ___ 2018. A. last B. for C. since D. ago
8. The park has become ___ noisy as traffic is diverted. A. least and least B. less than less C. more less D. less and less

Answer key:

• 2: D (has become – change continuing to now)
• 3: B (have visited – first-time experience)
• 4: A (busier and busier – short adjective, progressive comparative)
• 5: B (more and more – long adjective)
• 6: B (the easier – correlative comparative)
• 7: C (since – starting year)
• 8: D (less and less – progressive decrease)

Ss solve percentage point problems and match each topic expression with its Vietnamese meaning.

Ss work in pairs with Worksheet 2.

1. A share rises from 20% to 30%. The increase is ___. A. 10 percentage points B. 30 percentage points C. 50 percentage points D. 10% relative
2. Match each topic expression with its meaning: urbanisation, urban share, infrastructure, congestion, housing, percentage point. Meanings: đô thị hoá; tỉ lệ dân thành thị; cơ sở hạ tầng; ùn tắc; nhà ở; điểm phần trăm.

Answer key:

• 1: A (30 − 20 = 10 percentage points; the relative increase would be 50%, so D is not the difference in points).
• 2: urbanisation – đô thị hoá; urban share – tỉ lệ dân thành thị; infrastructure – cơ sở hạ tầng; congestion – ùn tắc; housing – nhà ở; percentage point – điểm phần trăm.

Ss write a short connected report on a fictional neighbourhood that is becoming busier, using the present perfect, comparatives and percentage points, and following the structure of the model text.

Ss work in groups of three. Each group imagines a fictional neighbourhood that is becoming busier and uses Worksheet 2, Part B to plan the report: a clear opening question, a comparison of the same road section and time period, walking safety and access to services, a note on new housing and its effects, the source and label of each figure, residents' concerns, and an open conclusion. Each group writes one paragraph of 80 to 100 words. T gives the follow-up question: 'Can the national graph show that this neighbourhood's road is safer?'

Each group produces one paragraph that:

• opens with a question, not a dramatic description;
• uses at least one present perfect sentence for change (for example: 'Traffic has become heavier since 2020.');
• uses at least one double or correlative comparative (for example: 'The more new homes are built, the more pressure falls on schools.');
• labels each figure with its source and area, and does not present one comment as the view of all residents;
• answers the follow-up: 'No. A local safety claim needs appropriate local evidence, not a national population share.'