Giáo án Looking back

Ss activate prior knowledge about education options for school-leavers and get ready for the review of the unit.

Ss look at the picture of a college open day and answer the question: "What options can a school-leaver choose after Grade 12?" Ss then read the question: "Which option would you choose, and why?"

A list of options on the board, for example: vocational training, academic study, apprenticeship, short course, and the reasons Ss give (practical skills, research, earning money while learning, etc.).

Ss review the form and meaning of the perfect gerund and the perfect participle clause and understand the rules about shared subjects, passive forms and chronology.

T writes two sentences on the board and asks Ss to decide which action happened first:

• She regretted having missed the open day.
• Having compared the courses, Mai chose one.
  Then T asks Ss to complete the rule summary: the perfect gerund is having + past participle; the participle clause and the main clause normally share a subject; the passive perfect is having been + past participle; check chronology and avoid dangling subjects.

The rule summary in Ss' notebooks:

• Perfect gerund = having + past participle, names an earlier action (She regretted having missed the open day.)
• Perfect participle clause = Having + past participle, places an action before the main action (Having compared the courses, Mai chose one.)
• The participle clause and the main clause normally share the same subject.
• Passive perfect = having been + past participle (Having been contacted by the college, the student accepted the place.)
• Check chronology and avoid dangling subjects.

Ss review and remember six key words about education options and their meanings.

Ss play a matching game in pairs with two sets of cards: word cards (vocational, academic, qualification, apprenticeship, prospectus, tuition) and meaning cards (dạy nghề; học thuật; chứng chỉ, trình độ; học nghề có thực hành; tài liệu giới thiệu khoá học; học phí). Ss match each word with its meaning and then make one short sentence with a word of their choice.

Correct matching pairs:

• vocational – dạy nghề (vocational training)
• academic – học thuật (academic study)
• qualification – chứng chỉ, trình độ (a recognised qualification)
• apprenticeship – học nghề có thực hành (an apprenticeship with practical work)
• prospectus – tài liệu giới thiệu khoá học (the college prospectus)
• tuition – học phí (tuition fees)
  Example sentence: "Before we apply, we should read the prospectus carefully."

Ss recognise the falling intonation of neutral Wh-questions and the rising intonation of yes/no questions, and explain which information each question seeks.

T reads the two questions aloud and asks Ss to listen and mark the intonation:

• What will you study? ↘
• Have you visited the college? ↗
  T then explains that neutral information-seeking Wh-questions often fall, yes/no questions often rise, and context can change the pattern (for example, a surprised echo may rise). Ss repeat in pairs and practise a short adviser–student exchange.

Ss can say the two questions with the correct intonation and explain:

• "What will you study?" falls because it asks for specific information (the subject the student will study).
• "Have you visited the college?" rises because it asks for a yes/no answer (confirmation).

Ss apply the perfect gerund, the perfect participle clause and the topic vocabulary in a quick, accurate way through a team game.

Ss work in 4 teams. Each team receives Worksheet No. 1 with exercises 1–8 (choose the correct option) and exercise 9 (match the words with their meanings). Each team member answers one question in turn. Teams check the answers with the key.
Worksheet No. 1 contains the following items:

1. ___ the courses, Lan made a shortlist. A. Have comparing B. Having compare C. Having compared D. Compared having
2. He regretted ___ the deadline. A. missed having B. having missed C. have missed D. having miss
3. ___ by the college, the student accepted the place. A. Having been contacted B. Having contacting C. Have contacted D. Contact having
4. Choose the sentence with a shared subject. A. Having visited the workshop, the course seemed useful to Mai. B. Having visited the workshop, the bus was late. C. Having visited the workshop, the weather changed. D. Having visited the workshop, Mai chose the course.
5. She was proud of ___ the practical test. A. having pass B. pass having C. having passed D. have passed
6. ___ the form, he checked every detail. A. Have complete B. Having completed C. Having complete D. Completed having
7. The perfect participle in "Having read the prospectus, we asked questions" means ___. A. We read it before asking. B. Someone else read it. C. We will read it later. D. We never read it.
8. They denied ___ false information. A. have supplied B. having supply C. supplied having D. having supplied
9. Match each word with its meaning: vocational, academic, qualification, apprenticeship, prospectus, tuition.

Answer key:
1 – C (Comparing happened before making the shortlist.)
2 – B (A perfect gerund names the earlier missed deadline.)
3 – A (The student received the contact before accepting.)
4 – D (Mai both visited and chose.)
5 – C (After "of", a perfect gerund can express an earlier success.)
6 – B (Completion precedes checking.)
7 – A (The same "we" carries out the earlier and the later actions.)
8 – D ("Deny" takes a gerund; the perfect marks the earlier act.)
9 – vocational – dạy nghề; academic – học thuật; qualification – chứng chỉ, trình độ; apprenticeship – học nghề có thực hành; prospectus – tài liệu giới thiệu khoá học; tuition – học phí.
Teams get 1 point for each correct answer. Ss who want to practise more can do the same exercises on the NeoEdu page.

Ss use the unit language in a connected, realistic exchange and write a short personal plan for choosing an education route.

Ss work in pairs. Student A plays a school-leaver and Student B plays an adviser. Ss ask and answer about study options, using the questions "What will you study?" and "Have you visited the college?" with the correct intonation. Then each Ss writes a short paragraph (about 60 words) about their own next step, using at least one perfect gerund (having + past participle) and one perfect participle clause, for example: "Having compared the courses, I would like to..."

A short role-play dialogue and a paragraph of about 60 words that includes:

• at least one perfect gerund, e.g. "I regret having chosen..." or "I remember having visited..."
• at least one perfect participle clause with a shared subject, e.g. "Having compared the tuition fees, I will make a shortlist."
• a plan with a next step, e.g. "I will check the entry requirements before the deadline."